BAY ST. LOUIS (AP) — The federal government is considering buying out as many as 17,000 homes along the Mississippi coast and remaking the land into a vast hurricane-protection zone, raising anxieties that it could destroy the waterfront lives many residents are struggling to rebuild after Katrina.

The Mississippi Coastal Improvement Program could cost $40 billion, including buying the homes, building levees and restoring barrier islands. The land could be converted into wetlands or other public uses, such as golf courses or bike trails, but could not be sold for private development.

For Finley Williford, a 42-year-old boat captain, a buyout offer would have been tempting if it had come shortly after Hurricane Katrina destroyed his Bay St. Louis home on Aug. 29, 2005.

But instead of leaving, he invested countless hours of labor and more than $400,000 in two new houses for his family and his father.

‘‘If they had showed up a day after the storm, I probably would have taken the money. It’s kinda after-the-fact now,’’ Williford said.

The buyouts would be voluntary, and the Army Corps plan envisions allowing casinos, hotels and restaurants to continue operating on the coast from Bay St. Louis to Biloxi. But until the proposal becomes more focused, residents are concerned that it could spell the end of their Margaritaville-like communities, where a lifestyle of beaches and boiled shrimp has flourished for decades, and many houses are already built atop stilts.

Williford fears the buyouts could stunt the growth of his nearly deserted neighborhood and harm property values if few other residents return.

‘‘Just the rumor of it is slowing people down,’’ he said, noting a neighbor suspended his rebuilding plan after hearing about the proposal.

Buyouts could be part of a similar plan in Louisiana, but Corps officials could not say how many properties may be involved or where they are.

‘‘Buyouts are a possibility, but it’s still just one of several options we’re studying for the report,’’ Corps spokeswoman Julie Morgan said.

The Corps expects to release a draft of its plan in December. In the meantime, project director Susan Rees is fielding questions at meetings with local officials and residents.

Several hundred people attended a forum last month in Bay St. Louis, a city about 45 minutes east of New Orleans, where Katrina destroyed many of the quaint shops and beachfront restaurants that drew tourists and New Orleans-area residents.

Rees said many residents mistakenly worry their land would be seized and turned over to private developers. Involuntary buyouts are ‘‘always an option of last resort,’’ but aren’t part of this plan, she said.

‘‘I was taken aback by what some of the individuals believed the proposal was,’’ she said. ‘‘I wasn’t taken aback by the emotional nature of the response.’’

The Corps has bought flood-prone homes near rivers in the past, but Rees said this would be its first large buyout of coastal homes. The proposal will give Congress a menu of choices, not impose mandates, she added.

‘‘Congress gave us an opportunity to just strip everything away and say, ’What are the options to make this a resilient coast?’ It is a rare opportunity, and I hope a lot of good comes from it,’’ she said.

Oliver Houck, a Tulane University law professor who has studied government efforts to control coastal flooding, said voluntary buyouts are a ‘‘very reasonable way to approach managing floods.’’

Moving people away from areas at the greatest risk of flooding makes more sense than spending hundreds of millions of dollars to shield them with levees, he added.

‘‘Any program that attempts to subsidize their continuing to stay in place is simply subsidizing another wipeout,’’ Houck said.

William Walker, director of Mississippi’s Department of Marine Resources, is helping Rees craft the plan and introduce it to communities.

‘‘If all we do is rebuild where we were prior to Katrina, we will have failed,’’ he said. ‘‘We need to rebuild better, stronger and smarter.’’

Government subsidies could offset the loss of tax revenue from residential buyouts, but some local officials fear the proposal would have a chilling effect on development plans and turn some parts of the coast into a disjointed checkerboard of homes and wetlands.

U.S. Rep. Gene Taylor, a Democrat whose home in Bay St. Louis was leveled by Katrina, said he doesn’t see much support — locally or on Capitol Hill — for funding billions of dollars in home buyouts.

‘‘I can’t think of a single person who has come up to me and said, ’I want the government to buy my land,’’’ he said.

Some of his constituents welcome that option, though.

Arnold Toups, 90, is living in a government-issued trailer outside the gutted shell of the octagon-shaped home he built with his own hands three decades ago. A ‘‘For Sale’’ sign in his front yard has attracted a few offers, but nothing serious. Toups said he would listen to an offer from the Corps.

‘‘If I get my price,’’ he said. ‘‘I’m not in a rush to sell.’’

Libby Garcia, one of the few residents to rebuild in Williford’s neighborhood, wonders why the Corps is singling out the Gulf Coast for buyouts when so many other coastal areas face the same flood risks.

‘‘Why don’t they go buy Key West?’’ she asked.